HOLY FATHER’S HOMILY
ON HIS BIRTHDAY Vatican City, 17 April 2012 (VIS) – Yesterday morning in the
Pauline Chapel of the Vatican Apostolic Palace, a Mass of thanksgiving was
celebrated to mark two anniversaries the Pope is celebrating this week: his
eighty-fifth birthday on 16 April, and the seventh anniversary of his election
on 19 April. The Mass was attended by members of the College of Cardinals and by
a group of bishops from the Pope’s native region of Bavaria. (IMAGE SOURCE:
RADIO VATICANA)
In his homily the Pope recalled how on the day he was born
and baptised the liturgy “erected three signposts showing me where the road led
and helping me find it”: the feast of St. Bernardette of Lourdes, the feast of
St. Benedict Joseph Labre, and Easter Saturday which in the year of the Pope’s
birth fell on 16 April.
St. Bernardette grew up in “a poverty we find
difficult to imagine”, he said. But “she could see with a pure and genuine
heart, and Mary showed her a source … of pure, living uncontaminated water,
water which is life, water which gives purity and health. … I believe we can
see this water as an image of the truth which comes to us in the faith;
unsimulated and uncontaminated truth. … This little saint has always been a
sign for me, showing me where the living water we need comes from, the water
which purifies and gives life. She has been a sign showing me how we should be.
With all our knowledge and abilities, which are of course necessary, we must not
lose … the simple gaze of the heart, which is capable of discerning the
essential. And we must always pray to the Lord to help us retain the humility
which allows the heart … to see the simple and essential beauty and goodness
of God, and to find the source from which the life-givingpurifying water
comes”.
The Pope then turned his attention to St. Benedict Joseph Labre, who
lived in the eighteenth century. “He was a rather particular saint who wandered
as a mendicant from one shrine to another, wishing to do nothing but pray and so
bear witness to what is important in this life: God. … He shows us that, …
over and above what may exist in this world, over and above our needs and
abilities, … what is essential is to know God. He alone is enough”. The life
of the saint, who travelled to shrines all over Europe, “shows that the person
who opens himself to God is not a stranger to the world of men, rather he finds
brothers. … Only God can eliminate frontiers, because thanks to Him we are all
brothers”.
“Finally there is the Paschal Mystery. On the day I was born,
thanks to my parents, I was also reborn with the water of the Spirit. …
Biological life is in itself a gift, yet it begs an important question. It
becomes a true gift only if, together with that life, we are given a promise
stronger than any misfortune that may threaten us, if life is immersed in a
power which guarantees that it is a good thing to be a man, and that the person
is a benefit whatever the future may bring. In this way rebirth is associated
with birth, the certainty that it is good to exist because the promise is
greater than the threat. This is what it means to be reborn from water and from
the Spirit. … This rebirth is given to us in Baptism, but we must continually
grow therein, we must ever and anew allow God to immerse us in His promise, in
order to be truly reborn into the great new family of the Lord, which is
stronger than all our weaknesses and all the negative powersthat threaten us.
That is why today is a day of thanksgiving.
“The day I was baptised … was
Easter Saturday. At the time it was still customary to hold the Easter vigil in
the morning, followed by the darkness of Easter Saturday without a Hallelujah.
This singular paradox, this anticipation of light in a day of darkness, can
almost be seen as an image of the history of our own times. On the one hand
there is the silence of God and His absence, yet the resurrection of Christ
contains an anticipation of God’s ‘yes’. We live in this anticipation, through
the silence of God we hear His words, and through the darkness of His absence we
glimpse His light. The anticipation of the resurrection in the midst of evolving
history indicates the path we must follow and helps us to continue the
journey”.
“I am in the final stage of my life journey and I do not know what
awaits me. However, I do know that the light of God exists, that He rose again,
that His light is stronger than all darkness, that the goodness of God is
stronger than all the evil in this world. This helps me to continue with
confidence. This helps us to continue, and I would like to thank everyone who,
through their faith, continually makes me aware of God’s
‘yes’”.
CONSTANTINE THE GREAT: RELIGION AND THE STATE AT
THE DAWN OF EUROPE
Vatican City, 17 April 2012 (VIS) – “Constantine the
Great. The Roots of Europe” is the title of an international academic congress
to be held in the Vatican from 18 to 21 April. The event has been organised by
the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences to mark the 1700th anniversary
of the battle of the Milvian Bridge and the conversion of the Emperor
Constantine.
The congress was presented this morning at a press conference
held in the Holy See Press Office, by Fr. Bernard Ardura O. Praem., president of
the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences; Claire Sotinel, professor of
Roman history at the University of Paris-Creteil and a member of the Ecole
Francaise in Rome, and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the “Osservatore Romano”
newspaper.
“The conference”, Fr. Ardura explained, “is the outcome of
effective academic cooperation with important cultural institutions such as the
Vatican Secret Archives, the Vatican Apostolic Library, the Italian National
Research Council, the Ambrosian Library and the Sacred Heart Catholic University
in Milan”. It is also taking place “with the cooperation and contribution of the
European Union delegation to the Holy See, the Lazio Regional Council and the
Pontifical Lateran University”.
This congress is the first of two, the second
of which will be held in Milan in 2013 for the 1700th anniversary of the
promulgation of the Edict of Milan, which established freedom of religion in the
Roman empire and put an end to the persecution of certain religious groups,
particularly Christians. While the 2013 congress will concern itself with what
is known as the “Constantinian revolution”, tomorrow’s event will focus on the
environment in which Constantine lived and on relations between Christians and
the Roman empire prior to the year 313. Participants will “examine the
relationship between religion and the State, the idea of religious freedom in
the empire, and religion from the point of view of the emperor and the senate”,
Fr. Ardura said.
One key area will be the conversion and baptism of
Constantine himself, and his attitude towards Christians following the battle of
the Milvian Bridge, which took place on 28 October 312 and led to the death of
his rival Maxentius. Contemporary and later Christian historians, influenced by
the narrative of Eusebius of Cesarea, saw Constantine’s victory as the result of
divine intervention.
Fr. Ardura pointed out that “from a purely
strategic-military viewpoint the battle was not very important, but it soon
became the founding symbol of the new world which came into being when
Constantine found Christianity. Indeed, … the era of imperial persecution
against Christians was about to come to an end, giving way to the evangelisation
of the entire empire and moulding the profile of western Europe and the Balkans;
a Europe which gave rise to the values of human dignity, distinction and
cooperation between religion and the State, and freedom of conscience, religion
and worship. Of course these things would need many centuries to come to
maturity, but they all existed ‘in nuce’ in the ‘Constantinian revolution’ and
therefore in the battle of the Milvian Bridge”.
For her part, Claire Sotinel
explained that attentive and critical historical analysis “facilitates our
understanding of what happened following the victory at the Milvian Bridge,
helping us in the twenty-first century to reflect on important issues such as
the interaction between religions and political power, the creation of religious
pluralism, and the possibility of coexistence among different religions”.